Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

                                                                                                                                                     Dr. R. S. Sengar

1. cDNA

Q1. What is the primary source for synthesizing cDNA?
A. DNA polymerase
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
✅Answer: B

2. Real Time PCR (qPCR)

Q2. Real-Time PCR is mainly used for:
A. DNA replication
B. Measuring gene expression
C. Sequencing DNA
D. Protein purification
✅Answer: B

3. Molecular Marker

Q3. Which of the following is NOT a type of molecular marker?
A. RFLP
B. RAPD
C. SDS-PAGE
D. SSR
✅Answer: C

4. QTL Analysis

Q4. QTLs are identified using:
A. Gene knockout
B. Molecular markers and phenotyping
C. DNA sequencing
D. Transcription factors
✅Answer: B

5. Microarray

Q5. Microarray is used to study:
A. Protein folding
B. Chromosome structure
C. Gene expression profiles
D. mRNA degradation
✅Answer: C

6. 2D Gel Electrophoresis

Q6. The two dimensions in 2D gel electrophoresis separate proteins based on:
A. Shape and charge
B. Charge and size
C. Density and shape
D. pH and temperature
✅Answer: B

7. Mass Spectrometry

Q7. Mass spectrometry provides information about:
A. DNA sequence
B. Protein structure
C. Molecular weight of compounds
D. Cell division
✅Answer: C

8. RNA Interference (RNAi)

Q8. RNAi works by:
A. Enhancing gene transcription
B. Degrading specific mRNA
C. Editing DNA directly
D. Stimulating protein synthesis
✅Answer: B

9. Transposon Mutagenesis

Q9. Transposons are also known as:
A. Jumping genes
B. Silent genes
C. Mobile receptors
D. Structural RNAs
✅Answer: A

10. ELISA

Q10. ELISA technique is used to detect:
A. RNA fragments
B. Proteins and antibodies
C. DNA sequence
D. Lipid composition
✅Answer: B

Descriptive Questions

1. cDNA

• Explain the process of synthesizing complementary DNA (cDNA) and its application in gene expression studies.

2. Real-Time PCR

• What is Real-Time PCR? Describe the principle and its use in quantifying gene expression.

3. Molecular Markers

• Define molecular markers. Discuss different types and their significance in plant breeding and genetic diversity studies.

4. QTL Analysis

• What are Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)? Describe the steps involved in QTL mapping using molecular markers.

5. Microarray Studies

• What is a DNA microarray? Explain how microarray technology is used to analyze gene expression.

6. 2D Gel Electrophoresis

• Describe the principle of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. What information does it provide about proteins?

7. Mass Spectrometry

• Explain the working principle of mass spectrometry and how it is used in proteomics.

8. RNA Interference (RNAi)

• What is RNA interference? Explain its mechanism and applications in functional genomics and pest management.

9. Transposon Mediated Mutagenesis

• Define transposons. How is transposon mutagenesis used to study gene function?

10. ELISA

• What is ELISA? Discuss the types of ELISA and its applications in diagnostics and biotechnology.

Writer: Professor R. S. Sengar, Director Training and Placement, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut.